NOLET BA, BEEKMAN JH, KLAASSEN M, LANGEVOORD O & SANTAMARIA L (2000) Waterplants and Bewick Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii: a mutual dependence?. LIMOSA 73 (3): 105-108.

Who keeps what has what. An article from a Limosa of 1939 shows that in the Little Swans years just before the closure of the Zuiderzee the entire winter on aquatic plants foraged (Brouwer & Tinbergen 1939). They ate in particular Pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus. Since 1995, the Working Group on Plant-Animal Interactions of the Dutch Institute for Ecological Research - Centre for Limnology Research the interdependence between the Little Swan and its main food plant. We focus on two themes, namely (1) grazing and the survival strategy of aquatic plants and (2) migration and dispersion of aquatic plants

[free pdf] [dutch summary]