CONRADS K & QUELLE W (1986) Occurrence of the Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana in NW. Germany: observations on a colourringed population. LIMOSA 59 (2): 67-74.

Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana This paper deals with the distribution (mainly late 1970's and early 1980's) and biology of the Ortolan Bunting in NW. Germany. In 1976-82, 24 00 were colour-ringed in a 400 ha study area. Trapping method and behaviour of birds are described. Annual percentage of colour-marked males in the population amounted to 25-60%. One male survived at least five years. Between 20 and 100% of the marked males showed a fidelity to the place of ringing with a mean distance of 340 and 600 m within and between years, respectively. Sixty-two percent of the males were paired. Annual mortality amounted to 54%. The colourring project did not mdlcate which factor(s) contribute(s) to the decline in numbers

[free pdf] [dutch summary]