MARLE JG VAN, KLOMP H & PERDECK AC (1962) Annual Report 1961 on the Vogeltrekstation. LIMOSA 35 (3): 185-198.

The displacement experiment with starlings was continued with the transport of 100 birds to Barcelona. The recoveries give strong evidence that the birds, when displaced during their migration to a favourable winterquarter do not stop here, but continue migrating over the same distance as they would have done if not displaced. Experiments with starling and chaffinch in the Kramer-cage suggested that with the decline of the tendency to migrate in the course of the morning the orientation deteriorated (although the orientation clues remained the same) (fig. 1). The directions choosen in this cage often deviated from the mean standard direction in the field. But the difference between autumn and spring was clearly indicated (fig. 2). At the fowling-yard near The Hague 5700 birds were ringed in the autumn. Two Pine Buntings were caught (11 and 13 Oct.). Under the Dutch ringing scheme at least 82000 birds were ringed and 3300 recoveries obtained. 500 recoveries of birds ringed abroad were handled. Observations on the standard direction of the Scandinavian Chaffinch were made in Norway and Sweden. It was found that there is a concentrated migration along the coast to the south point of Norway both from NW and NE, indicating a southerly standard direction. At Onsala, near Goteborg, the standard direction was about S by W, at Falsterbo SW by W (fig. 4). The picture becomes more and more clear, showing a gradually changing standard direction from S in Norway to WNW in Northern France. This change was not observed in three chaffinches caught in September in Norway and tested in the course of the autumn in the Kramer-cage near the Hague (fig. 3). Finally a study was made of the reproductive behaviour of the Arctic Skua in the Faroe Islands.

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