Baerends G.P. (1989) In memoriam Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-1988). ARDEA 77 (2): 129-144

On December 21, 1988 Professor Dr. Niko Tinbergen died in his home in Oxford. For his research on the behaviour of animals, our own species included, he was in 1973 awarded, together with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. The work of these three pioneers laid the basis for the discipline of ethology: the study of the biology of behaviour, particularly directed at the identification and analysis of what is commonly called instinct.